You're right about the missing patch names. I noticed the M1R (rack version?) does contain patch names. Are they the same as the M1? If so, you could use the M1R and cable it to your M1 keyboard.
Even though you currently don't see patch names, does changing patches in Logic change them on your M1?
Regarding not hearing the M1 sounds, is Local Control off on your keyboard? Typically, local control off prevents duplicate notes - once as you trigger your keyboard keys, and the second time as the MIDI notes are played back through Logic to your keyboard.
You'll need to have Local control off to record MIDI.
I've only used rack modules with a MIDI guitar controller so I may be missing some step here.